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« New Year's Resolution to Post Update | Main | Important Info on the NSA Program » January 04, 2006
The AUMF Excuse
Posted by Dorkafork I didn't want to write about the NSA program until more information became known, but I think the recent letter from the Assistant Attorney General to Senators on the Intelligence Committee makes it pretty clear that the program is illegal and the legal arguments made in its favor are not constitutionally valid. (Now I want to be clear before I start that I am not trying to argue against the program itself. This is about how the President exceeded his constitutional authority in setting up the program. I don't know enough details about how the program worked to comment on the program itself.) More under the fold. Now the relevant legislation is 1801 through 1811, Title 30, Chapter 36 ("Foreign Intelligence Surveillance"), Subchapter I ("Electronic Surveillance"). But since the adminstration ignores these statutes, we can too. It bears repeating, the letter is from the Assistant Attorney General of the United States and is supposed to explain to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence how this program is legal, and it barely touches on the relevant statutes. Instead it makes the argument that since part of FISA says "except as authorized by statute" and the AUMF is a relevant statute, because the AUMF says "such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad" and "the President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force." Well, hell, the AUMF also says "To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States" and al Qaeda members are in the US, let's just let the Army patrol the streets while we're at it. Posse Comitatus is just a "law", it has no power over us! And why did we even bother with the McCain amendment? We can just ignore it. (In that case, it's not a hypothetical.) Not sure why we bothered passing the PATRIOT Act after the AUMF either. Again, my problem is not with the program (because I don't know the details), but with the Administration's justification of the program. It is simply too broad a reading of Article II. Article II does not vest all war powers (besides declaration of war) in the Executive. FISA should be viewed in light of Article I. Article I, Section 8 lists the powers of Congress. These include "To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water" (McCain Amendment) and also "To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces." (My analysis isn't substantially different than Orin Kerr's: "probably constitutional but probably violated the federal law known as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act" ("constitutional" referring to the constitutionality of the program under the 4th amendment, not the Article II argument.) and also "...at bottom, I think the AUMF probably didn't authorize this, although the Hamdi case gives some colorable (if ultimately unpersuasive) arguments that it might." My argument that the fact that the DoJ doesn't directly argue that the program was legal under FISA implies that it was probably illegal under FISA is addressed by Kerr here: "This is a decent point, but I think it's sensible to be cautious here. My thinking is that there may be strategic reasons why the administration isn't making this argument. Based on my research, an explanation of why the program may not violate FISA would require them to explain the technical details of how the program works..." This is certainly possible. If the technical details are such that it involves a situation that is not covered under FISA, it would be proper under Executive authority.* (Courts have generally given the Executive quite a bit of leeway for warrantless searches when there were no governing statutes.) But considering the administration seems to be using the same arguments to ignore the McCain amendment, I don't think it's likely. *UPDATE: See the next post. I still think the AUMF argument is awful, the idea that the Executive can just throw away entire chunks of US Code is not respectful enough of Congress' power under Article I "To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces." But the program in question seems to be proper. Posted by Dorkafork at January 4, 2006 06:09 PM | TrackBack (2) Trackback PingsTrackBack URL for this entry: Commentslet's just let the Army patrol the streets while we're at it. And we would, if there was an Al Qaeda presence that required an Army patrol as a rational response. It's not like they're barred from the country by Posse Comitatus; it just restricts use of the military against domestic threats. Can anyone seriously argue Al Qaeda is a domestic problem? The executive has authority in matters of an international threat. Courts (the arbiters of what's legal and what isn't) have not found otherwise. It's really that simple. Posted by: TallDave at January 4, 2006 06:34 PM The thing is the executive does not have complete authority in matters of national security. Congress can make the rules for the armed forces under Article I. Posted by: dorkafork at January 4, 2006 09:18 PM Dammit, folks, if my neighbor is calling Al Qaeda -- or if Al Qaeda is calling him -- I want my government to know about it, and I want them to be gathering intelligence on the bastards. In fact, I would consider any President who knew about these activities and did NOT authorize surveillance operations against them to be derelict in his duty and worthy of impeachment. How the hell are we supposed to establish links between possible terrorists inside AND outside the country if we don't do some spying? I'm sorry, but this whole non-scandal is just pissing me off more and more. Posted by: Sloan at January 4, 2006 09:49 PM Maybe its me, but when I read 1802 (a) (1) (C) which outlines a 'minimization procedure' and that sends me to 1801 (h), I see a bunch of allowances for electronic survaillence to occur on a US citizen if it leads to foreign intelligence (h) “Minimization procedures”, with respect to electronic surveillance, means— That looks like wiggle room, if there ever was any, to me especially if it is not used for future criminal prosecution. I guess why would the minimization section, 1802 (a) (1) (C), outline allowances for a US person's involvment if it is overriden by section 1802 (a) (1) (B)? Posted by: jpm100 at January 5, 2006 05:57 AM Minimization only refers to the storing or dissemination of the information, not collection. All it means is given names of US persons mentioned in intelligence reports need to be changed to generic terms, like "US Person", "US Political Party", "US Company", etc. This would include any mention, so if a two foreigners are talking about "did you see the new Peter Jackson movie? Naomi Watts is in it" would become "did you see the new US Person movie? US Person is in it." The real names have to be requested in writing, there has to be a need to know. Which is all pointless, now. The DoJ letter doesn't discuss specifics of FISA, and the leakers didn't either (see next post). I don't particularly like picking through and figuring out our nation's intelligence procedures for the world to see. I was more interested in the constitutional issues regarding Article II and the AUMF. Serves me right. Posted by: dorkafork at January 5, 2006 06:42 AM "if my neighbor is calling Al Qaeda -- or if Al Qaeda is calling him -- I want my government to know about it, and I want them to be gathering intelligence on the bastards." Sloan: I'm quite sure that everybody wants this, and the FISA court is there to make it happen. If the matter is urgent, then there's a 72 hour allowance where a court order can be issued retroactively. The issue at hand is not that some people want to capture Al Qaeda, and some don't. I would like to know if my neighbor is a terrorist as well. But why did the law need to be broken in this pursuit of knowledge considering the flexibility of the system? If this system was not flexible enough, or responsive enough, then it could have been revamped when the first round of Patriot Act provisions were passed. Or any time really. But, we can't accept that breaking the law is necessary when these people are responsible for making the laws. Perhaps there were a bunch of people that they were just tapping for non-terrorist related information? You know, maybe they just wanted to find out what their political opponents were saying? The FISA court would not rubber stamp this type of activity. Or, perhaps they were just plain lazy and it seemed like too much work to obey the law? Posted by: Vaughn D. Taylor at January 5, 2006 07:59 AM Congress can make the rules for the armed forces under Article I. But it can not make a law restricting exeuctive powers, any more than the executive can issue an executive order limiting Congress' power. They're equal branches of gov't. If the matter is urgent, then there's a 72 hour allowance where a court order can be issued retroactively. You still need probable cause. Retroactive red tape is still red tape. This is how Moussaoui's wiretap request got tossed out, possibly causing 3,000 American deaths. Posted by: TallDave at January 5, 2006 09:35 AM "Retroactive red tape is still red tape. This is how Moussaoui's wiretap request got tossed out, possibly causing 3,000 American deaths." The problem prior to 9/11 was not the law, it was a breakdown of communication between the FBI and the Justice Department. This excerpt from the Joint Congressional Investigation into 9/11 addresses this: "The RFU agent told the Minneapolis agents that they had to connect Moussaoui to al-Qa’ida, which he believed was a “recognized” foreign power. The Minneapolis case agent later testified before the Joint Inquiry that he had had no training in FISA, but that he believed that “we needed to identify a – and the term that was thrown around was ‘recognized foreign power’ and so that was our operational theory.” As the FBI’s Deputy General Counsel would later testify, the agents were incorrect. The FBI can obtain a search warrant under FISA for an agent of any international terrorist group…" Just because Cheney says it doesn't make it true. more here: http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/24jul20031400/www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/creports/pdf/part3.pdf Posted by: Vaughn D. Taylor at January 5, 2006 08:04 PM The problem prior to 9/11 was not the law, it was a breakdown of communication between the FBI and the Justice Department. Ummmm... what do you think "red tape" means? Hello? As the FBI’s Deputy General Counsel would later testify, the agents were incorrect. So instead of just wiretapping Al Qaeda without a warrant, we expect FBI agents to be top-notch lawyers as well as counter-terrorism agents. Then, when they inevitably screw up, we say "Aha! The system works fine, they just screwed it up!" Just because Cheney says it doesn't mean it's an evil plot to crush civil rights and oppress the innocent. Posted by: TallDave at January 6, 2006 12:17 PM I mean, it's one thing to have these bureaucratic hurdles to prevent the FBI from wiretapping your local pot dealer. Someone screws up or gets confused, worst case: a few local kids get high. It's quite another when you talk about wiretapping Al Qaeda. Worst case: thousands of dead Americans. I'm inclined to give the executive branch their head on warrantless searches involving Al Qaeda (as they can constitutionally do, when it involves a foreign threat), and if they misuse the power take them to task for it afterward. Remember, the whole point of the warrants is to prevent unreasonable searches. It's hard to construe an unreasonable search of Al Qaeda linked phone calls. Posted by: TallDave at January 6, 2006 12:26 PM "This is how Moussaoui's wiretap request got tossed out, possibly causing 3,000 American deaths." TallDave: This is specifically what I was addressing. You are making the case the 3,000 deaths were caused by a failure in the FISA court -- but that's simply not the case. Again, it's a story that is being passed around on the right. Listen to this ... http://movies.crooksandliars.com/CountdownRush-Wo.mov The newest AP-Ipsos poll (not the Rasmussen) shows that 56% of the country disagrees with what the president has done. 1/3 of this 56% are Republicans. The president should not be conducting warrantless wiretapping -- that's the bottom line. Posted by: Vaughn D. Taylor at January 7, 2006 09:04 PM You can't be 21088 serious?!? Posted by: Max Ballstein at August 10, 2006 07:02 PM You can't be 21088 serious?!? Posted by: Max Ballstein at August 10, 2006 07:44 PM let's just let the Army patrol the streets while we're at it. Posted by: Warsaw apartments at October 13, 2006 09:45 AM ionolsen20 Very good site. Thanks for author! Posted by: thomson at October 17, 2006 12:41 PM ionolsen23 Great website! Bookmarked! I am impressed at your work! Posted by: kartoshka at October 20, 2006 03:23 PM let's just let the Army patrol the streets while we're at it. Posted by: apartments warsaw at November 1, 2006 09:38 AM ionolsen40 I like your site Posted by: nervotrepka at November 6, 2006 11:51 AM degk fhdatm tcbg imxpkrgod trkaupvh ykcdpn tqxlhm Posted by: nylm rhyweutg at April 17, 2007 04:28 PM |
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