|
« Yes! | Main | I Can't Stand John Kerry » July 26, 2004
The Real "Atkins Hesitation:" Inflammation
Posted by Bill While making my regular cruise around the red light district of the blogosphere, I stumbled across this little exchange about the Atkins Diet: How are the constant heart attacks? Annoying? Posted by Russell Wardlow | permalink They burn calories, what with all the clutching and rolling around. My cholesterol has dropped 87 pts, actually. Thank Zocor. Posted by Jeff Goldstein | permalink Not so fast with the Zocor-love; Jeff also might want to thank Atkins. No matter what your hidebound family doctor or cardiologist says, dietary cholesterol does not directly translate into the cholesterol that shows up when you take a fasting blood test. And the Atkins diet does not simply work because cutting carbs causes you to start winning the calorie equation (calories eaten - calories burned). In reality, it changes your body's metabolism and causes you to lose weight through a variety of factors. Despite the quarts of hollandaise sauce, Jeff G's cholesterol may have dropped because of the Atkins (in addition to the statin drug), not in spite of it. At the heart of any high protein diet is a change in your body's hormonal balance and energy utilization. The initial phases of Atkins or any of the other protein and fat based diets is a mobilization of your body to use stored fat (instead of stored and ingested carbohydrates) as energy. If this strictly regimented protein/fat-only diet continued forever, you would eventually become lethargic, limp and stupid, as your body ran out of stored fat and carbohydrate-derived energy that is stocked in the muscles (glycogen). You need to eat a certain amount of carbohydrates to maintain high energy levels, especially the levels required for daily exercise. After the initial phase of drastic carb elimination, the high protein dieter loses weight so quickly because the body is cannibalizing its own stored fat for energy. As the diet mandates an increase in carbs, some of this fuel burden is replaced by the diet, and in theory everything levels out to a new set point weight (assuming that one maintains the diet, which should become easier as a person finds that carb cravings abate after kicking the sugar addiction). Besides choking off the body's carbohydrate energy supply, there are other mechanisms that contribute to the success of low-carb diets, and many of them work to reinforce each other; as one factor improves, it stimulates an improvement in a sequence of other, related factors. There are too many to review here, but one of the simplest benefits is the fact that a high protein diet builds or maintains muscle (often even without exercise), and muscle requires more energy to maintain itself. Essentially, you burn additional calories even when you're just sitting on your ass. The other major mechanism of high protein diets is positive hormonal control (which is reinforced by an increase in lean muscle, see how that complementary thing works?). The endocrine system consists of mind bogglingly complex set of levers and pullies that ebb and flow in various inverse and direct relationships. The typical modern American diet relies too heavily on substances that tip this hormonal balance towards lipogenic (fat storing) and catabolic (muscle-wasting) hormones and suppress lipolytic (fat-burning) and anabolic (muscle-building) hormones. To illustrate this complex relationship, I'm just going to pick two hormones that everyone talks about that happen to rest on an opposite axis, growth hormone and insulin. When you eat a bunch of sugar or refined carbs, your blood sugar spikes and your body secretes large amounts of insulin to convert this blood sugar into energy that is utilized and stored in the muscles (glycogen). Insulin is lipogenic (stores fat) in significant quantities. Any of the sugar not immediately turned into glycogen is also stored as fat and/or wreaks havoc on the body before it's kicked out the back door. When insulin is high, growth hormone is low. In contrast, growth hormone is lipolytic (burns fat) and anabolic (builds muscle - Insulin is also anabolic in small quantities, but I'll lay off that right now because it's confusing). In a typical American diet that is rich in refined carbs and sugars,the average person is in a constant state of elevated blood sugar, elevated insulin and suppressed growth hormone. When you extrapolate this state to the other related hormones (testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, glucagon, etc.) you typically find the balance is tipped towards being a stressed, confused, tired fat-ass with encroaching diabetes and poor muscle tone. The shift to a higher protein/lower glycemic diet reverses this balance and actually changes most people's metabolism to build more muscle and store less fat. This does not mean that you do not need carbs. The entire system relies on balance. No hormone or food is all good or all bad. But shifting the balance even subtly can basically mean the difference between being fat or skinny, healthy or miserable and clear-thinking or confused. The rise in obesity, diabetes and a host of other long-term health problems in America isn't simply a function of a change towards a sedentary lifestyle; it's also the move towards processed foods that the body has trouble metabolizing or metabolizes too quickly; foods that keep the body in a constant state of fat storage by virtue of suppressing lipolytic/androgenic hormones, while promoting elevated levels of lipogenic/catabolic hormones, among a variety of other factors. Atkins was a groundbreaking diet that was the first real overhaul of the traditional nutritional nonsense that stipulates that dietary weight loss or gain is simply a matter of calorie counting. But it's not perfect, and here's why ... Remember that dietary cholesterol that people assume gives you elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood stream? It doesn't necessarily translate into elevated levels of blood cholesterol because of the metabolic changes that I've mentioned above. Your body utilizes the cholesterol that you eat in different ways, including using it as fuel to make anabolic hormones like testosterone. Because your metabolism is working like a champ, some people may actually lower cholesterol by eating an Atkins diet. But the real Atkins hesitation should stem from the problem with eating vast quantities of saturated animal fat: inflammation. Inflammation underpins many of the major schools of thought on what causes aging and disease, and when you eat a lot of animal fat (think steak, butter, ice cream, 10 gallon tubs of lard), it causes a cascade of inflammation in the body. And this is what's a bit freaky about Atkins dieters that roll up on a buffet of bunless cheeseburgers and bacon grease; enhanced metabolism or no, your body can't handle vast amounts of animal fat, and it mounts a concerted immune reaction (inflammation) as a response. What's the solution? I get annoyed by individual attitudes towards gimmicky-titled fad diets, but some of them are actually very good. Every time someone in the lunch line asks me, "Ohhh, are you on Atkins?" I have the urge to say "No, I'm on 'read a bunch of books and make reasonable choices because it's my health and not a matter of being fashionable.'" But I don't, because people tend to be ill-informed and need a place to start navigating the endless complexities of nutrition; programmed diet books are very good at this. So, if I were to recommend any of the new fad diets I would probably go with the South Beach Diet or the Perricone Diet. Why? They advise a somewhat higher protein intake that focuses on anti-inflammatory clean proteins (fish, chicken), a focus on extremely healthy fish and plant fats (olive oil, Omega-3 fish fat, nuts, etc.) and an intake of extremely complex carbs (oatmeal, whole grains) that maintain stored energy levels but don't spike insulin, cortisol and other hormones that are stimulated in excess by the average modern American diet. General rules: - Rarely put sugar into your body (the fructose in daily fruit intake is the exception). Soda is Satan's drink. - Eat fish at least twice a week - Don't eat red meat more than 3-4 times a week - Raise your protein intake - Eat oatmeal and whole grains for stored muscle energy - Fruits and vegetables. Try eating more raw vegetables. - Man and woman cannot be healthy on diet alone - weight-bearing exercise is essential and probably more important than aerobic exercise. For my money, these are the healthiest options out there. And the next time that some medical correspondent or nutritionist prattles on about how Atkins, South Beach and other diets are just gimmicks, and that the real deal is calorie counting, remember: it's not just how many calories you eat, it's how what you eat changes your body's function. Then turn off the tv and go to the gym, for God's sake. Fat ass. (Disclaimer: Different people have different metabolisms, thus different diets can work better or worse for some folks. Also, I've waaaaay oversimplified the hormones involved in eating a diet that is lower in refined carbs, but you should get the gist). Posted by Bill at July 26, 2004 09:04 AM | TrackBack (4) CommentsI usually put enough sugar in each of my 237 cups of morning coffee to kill a diabetic from 30 yards. Most people would classify me as 'thin'. Then again, 6'3" 215lbs isn't lightweight, but the height hides a lot of it. I am drinking C2 though... Posted by: Sharp as a Marble at July 26, 2004 11:04 AM You might as well smoke 2 packs a day. Sugar is that bad for you. Taxes your insulin receptors, and you get diabetes, not to mention the fact that constantly elevated blood sugar is like a wrecking ball to your sytem. For example, diabetics lose limbs because the elevated sugar destroys blood vessels that carry blood to the extremities. Even if sugar doesn't happen to make you fat because of other factors, it's still really bad for you. Also, excess caffeine intake drops your testosterone and kills willie function, btw. At least that's what Mrs. Marble told me. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:08 AM I learned more about what those Atkin's type diets are supposed to do, be and achieve from this post than I have from a couple of years worth of fluffy news pieces. Thanks for putting this one together for us. Posted by: LF at July 26, 2004 11:12 AM Stream of consciousness, no problem. Bear in mind that my post is still convoluted and only scratches the surface. the key to remember is that it changes the nature of your metabolism, not just reduces calories. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:14 AM High cholesterol, in my opinion, is mostly hereditary even when I was in great shape and reduced my intake of fatty foods my cholesterol was still at 330, just like my father's before drugs. I now take Lipitor, Tricor AND Zetia to control it. Posted by: JFH at July 26, 2004 11:16 AM Dude, So, your diet sounds good, I'm just not so sure the causal mechanism is as you describe it. Mark that as my disagree with a blogger for the day. Posted by: Rusty Shackleford at July 26, 2004 11:22 AM I eat steak 1-2x each week. I eat eggwhite omelets for breakfast with a thin slice of ham. For lunch, I eat one of those Smart Ones from Weight Watchers. Snacks: a handful of almonds or some celery. The rest of the week I eat chicken 1-2x and fish 3 times. Occasionally I'll have a turkey/ham wrap with bacon for lunch (maybe once or twice a week). On Friday I have pizza. Every night I drink about 24 oz. of Guinness. That's it. That ok? Posted by: protein wisdom at July 26, 2004 11:25 AM Yes Jeff, that's a pretty healthy diet. I was more referring to the folks that approach Atkins in the way that you parody ... And Rusty, points for following the Commissar's advice, but pick a more ambiguous subject next time - you are wrong. The effects of diet on insulin are actually very well documented. Also, JFH, of course high cholesterol is largely hereditary. EVERYTHING is largely hereditary, that doesn't mean that the majority of the population can't severely impact it with external factors. Some folks will have an extremely efficient metabolism, and some folks don't. Does that mean that the natural fatty should gorge on pizza and ice cream? No. Fatty can do himself huge favors with lifestyle modifications. The "genetics are king" argument misses a much larger philosophical point about health-related topics. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:35 AM Do you have a reference on animal fat causing inflammation? I've been on a fairly relaxed version of Adtkins for a while. Irrespective of my weight loss, having my blood sugar level off makes the diet worth while for me. The only down side is that coffee no longers gives me a strong buzz. I am not convinced that eating fish is good for you. I've read too much about people getting sick after eating fish bought from a store. Thanks for the post. I'll look into the other two diets you've mentioned. Posted by: Gary at July 26, 2004 11:36 AM The only thing that I would add is that I avoid regular ingestion of all frozen, processed, packaged food. That may sound like some health-nut extremity, but it's really pretty easy. The reasons lie in the fact that those foods contain man-made substances that cause your body to go "what the fuck is this?" Anything that causes your body the urge to hide under the bed is, to one degree or another, a toxin. I'll cover that in another post. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:38 AM Fish is AWESOME for you. Problem is, many types of fish absorb heavy metals, like mercury. Also raw fish can naturally cause certain problems. The pollution problem can be balanced out by moderating your fish intake and/or attempting to eat wild (as opposed to farm raised) fish. This can be expensive/hard, so a simple compromise is eating fish moderately, say 2-4 times a week. But trust me, fish is amazing. Fish cures many types of depression for Pete's sake, among a zillion other things. No joke. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:41 AM Also, the source on animal fat is in my head. For a specific technical source on how saturated animal fats cause inflammation, go to www.pubmed.com and do a variety of searches. Google seems to be down at the moment (weird), but google "animal fat causes inflammation" (or read one of the books I mention) and you should find plenty of material. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 11:45 AM Bill -- I was asking seriously, not being flip. Forgot to mention that my desserts of late consist of sugar-free popsicles. That'll change during the cooler months, though. I eat a lot of grilled and blackened tuna. I also eat rock fish (sea bass) and red trout quite a bit. My wife eats a lot of salmon. My one weekness is Diet Dr. Pepper. Yum. Posted by: Jeff G at July 26, 2004 11:50 AM A colleague has been on Atkins (or a slightly relaxed version of it) for about a year. His total cholesterol has dropped something like forty points, his LDL/HDL ratio has improved significantly, and his triglycerides are way down. This isn't just guesswork; he had his levels measured before he started, and continues to have them checked periodically. So all you Chicken Littles out there: Talk to the hand! Posted by: Matt at July 26, 2004 11:56 AM Jeff - Your diet (as you described it) is certainly way better than the average diet. If you wanted to tweak it a bit, you would eliminate all non-natural food, but that takes some sacrifice. The biggest enemies are sodium and trans-fat, or hydrogenated fat, which is fat that has a hydrogen molecule added to it by cackling, evil scientists at General Mills. It gives many, many popular foods (peanut butter, frozen foods, margarine), consistency at room temperature, and it is absolute POISON to your body. Diet sodas have some unnatural stuff in them that I wouldn't want to ingest daily, but, hey, can't browbeat everyone into submission. A human could improve their health vastly by only drinking water, green tea and the occasional coffee. I would also ditch the celery (no nutrition, no point) and eat raw broccoli, carrots, etc. Tastes about the same and packed with vitamins. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 12:00 PM Eat lots of steamed veggies -- generally broccoli and asparagus. I also eat lots of white onion, mushrooms, and red and green peppers. Posted by: Jeff G at July 26, 2004 01:00 PM Bonus. Throw some raw ones in during the day. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 01:02 PM All you have to do is pick up a Muscle & Fitness magazine from the past 20 years and follow thier diet tips. Low carbs consumed early in the day, hiogh protein everytime else. There is nothing revolutionary about Atkins, just repackaged in a shiny wrapper. Posted by: Aaron at July 26, 2004 01:09 PM Aaron - Atkins has been around for over 30 years. So it was, in fact revolutionary. And up until the past few years, M & F diets were obsessed with low fat, low fat, low fat, which is actually very bad for muscle growth. The body needs fat for fuel and for the synthesis of anabolic hormones like testosterone. I can say with conviction that the way carbs are ingested (not just time of the day) absolutely revolutionizes the way a metabolism functions. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 26, 2004 01:23 PM I started the South Beach Diet in early January of this year and have been very stringent in avoiding refined sugar (well, refined everything, really)-- and I haven't been sick since. Everyone else in my office came down with horrible flus and lingering chest colds, but I sailed right through. Also, my GERDs just disappeared. Oh, and I've lost weight, too. Posted by: Mrs. Raven at July 26, 2004 05:44 PM Exactly. The changes to health that can follow a great diet (like SoBe) are pretty startling. Almost makes you wonder how you put up with life any other way ... Posted by: Bill from INDC at July 26, 2004 11:48 PM I'm sorta doing the South Beach Diet now. Mainly because I realize that my eating habits up until recently are horrible. My mother suggested the diet, so I've not eaten any fast food for the last 2 weeks, except for salads during lunch break. I tend to eat alot of vegetables, mainly assorted peppers and onions. The only meat I eat is chicken and occasionally have Fish... which I'm not a fan of but try to have at least once a week. I've noticed a difference so far and feel better, so that must be good. Nice article a good read that explained some things I didn't quite understand. Posted by: Ben at July 27, 2004 11:52 AM Excellent article. Posted by: Fausta at July 28, 2004 09:06 AM Yup. The thing with eating sugars, refined carbs is - they're addictive. Once you break away from the stuff, the cravings are reduced dramatically. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 28, 2004 09:45 AM Just be careful with the meat thing. Someone who goes on Atkins without all the facts can end up in bad shape (like a friend of mine, who ended up with gout - one of those diseases you read about in books from the 18th century, I had thought.) Posted by: B at July 28, 2004 10:39 PM You've got all the theories here correct, although there's room to argue about some of it around the edges. Especially because a lot of it is merely conjecture. Not merely what Atkins says, but what anyone says. Nutrition is a poorly studied subject, it really is. I ran a list for a long time on low-carb diets. It was not uncommon for us to see people eat a diet consisting mainly of eggs and red meat see a drop of their cholesterol, sometimes a dramatic drop. Others had a negative reaction to similar diets. We know now from studies done that whatever the theories, many people who do the Atkins diet even for a year or more show improvements to their serum lipids, regardless of the fact that they eat plenty of eggs, red meat, butter, and so on. Doesn't work well for everybody, but it does some. I also studied paleo diets for a while. Damn I could write a lot on this subject, and must resist the temptation to do so. But let me just say this: if you want a *true* paleo diet, most likely the closest you will get is if you refuse to use anything that REQUIRES cooking to be edible. Not that cooking is not allowed, humans have been using cooking for meat for a long, long time. The point is, anything that REQUIRES cooking should be suspect. Most hunter/gatherers don't eat anything that can't be eaten raw. That means, basically, meat, fish, eggs, fruits, nuts, and a few vegetables. It leaves out grains, beans, potatoes, and corn, because all of those require extensive processing and cannot be eaten in large quantities unless you're an agricultural society. And agriculture's only been a serious human hobby for about 10,000 years. Thus to be "true paleo" you'll probably have no bread, no oatmeal, no corn, no beans, no potatoes. Lots of meat, lots of nuts, lots of fruit. But even that's hard to do perfectly because most fruits today are much more sugary and less fibrous than the natural varieties, and the meats more fatty. Heh. Best of luck. I strongly recommend Loren Cordain's book, and Ray Audette's is a lot of fun! Posted by: Dean Esmay at July 29, 2004 09:01 AM Re: "But let me just say this: if you want a *true* paleo diet, most likely the closest you will get is if you refuse to use anything that REQUIRES cooking to be edible." I tend to eat most things (except meat, oatmeal and fish - really I refer to fruits and veggies) raw. Not so much because I'm a health nut (though health is part of it), but because it's easy. The only thing I question about the paleo diet is how one gets enough stored muscle energy for strenuous exertion without hardly any complex carbs ... I'm not doubting it, I just can't think of the source. A book that is REALLY interesting and thorough is Natural Hormonal Enhancement, by Faigan. It goes into great detail and has a very unique way to approach the paleo diet. It's promoted as a bodybuilding book, but it's primarily a diet book. I tried his eating regimen for kicks, and it works AMAZINGLY well (it builds muscle very quickly), but it's too difficult for me to maintain. The book has loads of compiled research and info, though. Posted by: Bill from INDC Journal at July 29, 2004 09:41 AM 251 Why is Texas holdem so darn popular all the sudden? http://www.texas-holdem.greatnow.com Posted by: texas holdem online at August 9, 2004 07:12 PM |
Feed Me, Seymour
bill *at* indcjournal *dot* com
Support Our Advertisers
Search
Archives
June 2008May 2008 April 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2004
Extras
PDARSD Atom RSS 2.0 RSS 1.0
Credits
Our Blogroll
|